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VI. The Frank
The term “frank” refers to the autograph or facsimile signature of a person authorized to transmit matter through the domestic mails without prepayment of postage.[40] Members of Congress and certain officers of the House are authorized to send, as franked mail, material relating to the official business, duties, and activities of their offices.[41] Use of the franking privilege is governed by federal law at 39 U.S.C. § 3210 et seq.
[40] 39 U.S.C. § 3201.
[41] 39 U.S.C. § 3210(b)(1).
Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards (The Franking Commission)
The bipartisan Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards, or the “Franking Commission,” was established under Public Law 93-191 with a three-fold mandate: (1) To issue regulations governing the proper use of the franking privilege; (2) to provide guidance in connection with mailings; and (3) to act as a quasi-judicial body for the disposition of formal complaints against Members of Congress who have allegedly violated franking laws or regulations. The Franking Commission is under the jurisdiction of the Committee on House Administration. Regulations issued by the Commission, set forth in the Franking Manual (or “Red Book”), should be consulted for authoritative guidance.
The Franking Commission [42] provides guidance and gives advisory opinions on the frank ability of mail matter.[43] The Franking Commission is authorized to hear complaints of abuses of the frank, subject to judicial review.[44]
[42] See 2 U.S.C. § 501(a).
[43] 2 U.S.C. § 501(d).
[44] 2 U.S.C. § 501(e).
The Commission’s regulations are provided in the Franking Manual, which is available from the Committee on House Administration. The Franking Manual should be consulted by congressional employees involved in mailing material under the franking privilege. In addition to providing guidelines and requirements for franked mail, the Franking Manual includes examples of permissible and impermissible items or mailings.
“Dear Colleague” Letters
House-wide “Dear Colleague” letters may be transmitted by inside mail without frank or stamp. These “Dear Colleague” letters must be prepared on official letterhead, signed by the Member, and related to official business. They may include as attachments material prepared by other individuals or organizations, provided that each such item to be distributed is accompanied by a Member-signed cover letter, on official letterhead, endorsing the material.[45]
[45] Members’ Handbook: Inside Mail.
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